Recent experience has shown that certain metal alloys can be put into glass form by rapid meltquenching or by various condensation processes. The calculation of glass properties glass modeling is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions e. Pdf optical properties of solids download full pdf. Glass is transparent to all colors of light in its clear form and can be made opaque to. Generally, the stiffness decreases with temperature. It is amorphous, which means it is not made of crystals. Lecture useful properties of glasses of the course environmental and energy applications of glasses of the prof. Tie31 mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass introduction the mechanical and thermal properties of optical glasses are important to know for e. The glass compositions of these glasses have been developed to have low tendencies to devitrification and show less vehement reactions with mold materials inside the molding temperature range. Theoretical strength, practical strength, fatigue, flaws, toughness, chemical processes. The strain point represents the extreme upper limit of serviceability for annealed glass.
A glass soda lime silicate glasses used where the strength, durability, and good electrical resistivity of e glass are not required. These are competing goals since concomitant with reducing the dielectric constant k is, in general. Selected properties of sodium silicate glasses and their. Phosphate glasses are highly resistant to hydrofluoric acid. It contains general information for the deter mination and evaluation of important glass properties and also informs about specific chemical and physical character istics and possible applications of the commercial technical glasses produced by schott. The optical properties of glasses is a subject that has both mature and developing aspects. The chemical properties of glass determine its resistance to attack by water, moisture, acids and alkalis. Physical properties properties unit e glass r glass d glass density hardness vickers 50 g 15 s sound velocity gcm3 ms 2. Introduction to materials science, chapter, structure and properties of ceramics university of tennessee, dept. Tie31 mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass. Properties of sodium titanium silicate glasses 1 edga r h.
Density measurements, thermal analysis, uvvis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, xray photoelectron spectroscopy and. Properties of manufactured glass glass tubes made from three types of glass are utilized for the production of laboratory volumetric glassware and other types of laboratory glassware that are in the production program of the company. Joachim deubener from clausthal university of technology germany. The main characteristics of glass are transparency, heat resistance, pressure and breakage resistance and chemical resistance.
The fundamental principles of absorption, reflection, luminescence and light scattering are discussed for a wide range of materials, including crystalline insulators and semiconductors, glasses, metals,and molecular materials. This article examines how highspecification glasses are created for numerous applications using common glass modifiers. The focal point of our product line is 112 glass types, of which we are providing data for 105 types in this first edition. One of the most important glass formers is silica sio2. The innovative text gives an introductory treatment of the optical properties of solids. These characteristics form the basis for our definition of glass. These glasses show large ranges in all their photochromic properties resulting from ranges in composition, and in size and number of the included crystals. The mechanical and thermal properties of optical glasses are important to know for e.
The greater proportion of the glasses of commerce are essentially sodalime silica. C glass calcium borosilicate glasses used for their chemical stability in corrosive acid environments. Natron alkali salts used for mummification noticed primitive glass melts formed in. Then too, some properties of alkali silicate glasses have been studied very little. The rather unique magnetic, superconducting, and mechanical properties and the.
The scientifically founded development of new products and technical processes has traditionally been of vital importance at schott and has always been per formed on a scale determined by the prospects for application. Optical properties glasses are among the few solids that transmit visible light thin film oxides might, but scattering from grains limit their thickness mica windows at acoma pueblo glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems. Glass containing larger amounts of substance such as silicon dioxide sio2, aluminum oxide al2o3, titanium oxide tio2 or oxides of the rare earths, are more resistant to be leached by aqueous and acidic solutions. Professor richard lehman department of ceramics and materials engineering rutgers university, new brunswick, new jersey, usa. Generally, a combination of desirable optical properties good thermal and mechanical properties, and cost and ease of manufacture dictate the number of readily available materials for any application. The properties of silicate and borate glass can be finetuned using glass modifiers such as lithium oxide, calcium oxide, and zinc oxide to meet several niche engineering applications. The authors have critically examined and correlated the most reliable data on the properties of multicomponent commercial silicate glasses, vitreous silica, and binary and ternary laboratory glasses. Amorphous solid properties of oxide glasses britannica. Febased bulk metallic glasses bmgs have attracted great attention due to their unique magnetic and mechanical properties, but few applications have been materialized because of their. Optical properties of glasses optical properties of. Mechanical properties corning fused quartz 7980 eagle x6 fusion drawn boroalumino silicat borofloat 33 pyrex 7740 quartz 6 e 124 density 2.
Put simply, glass is an amorphous, or noncrystalline, solid material, which means that is has both solid and liquid properties. Aug 29, 2014 febased bulk metallic glasses bmgs have attracted great attention due to their unique magnetic and mechanical properties, but few applications have been materialized because of their. For fine ceramics and glasses, the database entry for the elastic limit is an estimate, based on the tensile strength which is low due to brittle fracture. Introduction in order to give the optical designer grealer free dom in his choice of glasses for usc in optical devices there is a need for glasses that cover a considerable. The properties of glasses are very dependent on thermal treatment and on small amounts of impurities. The glasses have higher dispersions and have considerably lower densities than the pbo glasses with comparable refractive indices.
This pocket catalog provides an excerpt of the important properties of the optical glasses from our main catalog, which will only be published on cd or on the internet. Glass containing larger amounts of substance such as silicon dioxide sio2, aluminum oxide al2o3, titanium oxide tio2 or oxides of the rare earths, are more resistant to. Manufactured glass has nominal strength of 70 mpa 10 kpsi. Introduction to glass technology 9 electrical resistivity of silicate glasses conductivity in silicate glass is by charged ions. Thermal properties of corning glasses for the convenience of those interested in the thermal properties of glasses manufactured by corning, data on some representative glasses are listed in this document. Pdf structure and properties of borophosphate glasses. This scale is derived by assigning the freezing point of water a value of 0c and its boiling point a value of 100c. The behaviour of typical glasses, in both sunlight and under artificial sources, is reported in this paper, and some applications for these glasses are suggested. Amorphous solid amorphous solid properties of oxide glasses. Oct 27, 2016 lecture useful properties of glasses of the course environmental and energy applications of glasses of the prof. Composition and selected properties of the different glasses studied, with cn.
Controlled crystallization compositions suitable for controlled crystallization fall into dark shadow area which is classified as substable glasses ssg region. This volume is a compilation of data on the properties of glasses. Mechanical properties of materials comparison specific specific material density modulus yield ultimate yield stiffness glass 2. Models for the nature and structure of these glasses are surveyed and shown to be quite parallel to those already developed for the more common nonmetallic glasses. Optimized materials properties for organosilicate glasses. General information on the manufacturing methods for glasses and crystalline materials is available in several sources. Mechanical properties and structural features of novel fe. Cleek the glassforming area of the k a20ti02si02 system was surveyed. Glass is a solid, brittle and usually transparent material, explains howstuffworks. Structure and properties of mixed phosphate and fluoride. The role of composition and structure in the formation of the glassy state is described in glass formation. Monovalent ions, such as sodium, move easily in silicate glasses and promote conductivity resistive glasses usually contain little or no monovalent content chemical durability summary 1 mgcm2 10 m.
Most properties of glassexcept for elastic and strength behaviour in the solid stateare sensitive to its chemical composition and, hence, its atomic structure. Structure and properties of mixed phosphate and fluoride glasses. Many substances can be added to glass during the manufacturing process to change its properties. Glass is a hard substance which may be transparent or translucent and brittle. Physical properties such as weight, volume, color, boiling point, and melting point describe a substance without reference to any other substance. With an addition of iron oxide, they act as efficient heat absorbers iron phosphate and lead iron phosphate glass are alternatives to borosilicate glass for immobilization of radioactive waste unique properties. The wide range of the properties of glasses depends on their composition, and special effects result from the presence of various modifying agents in certain basic glassforming materials see above atomicscale structure. This explains why glasses of very different viscosityexpansion characteristics actually fit such as a stiff opalescent with a soft transparent. Borosilicate glass excellent physical and chemical properties of this type of glass enable using of. In practice, glasses dominate the available optical materials for several important reasons. Chemical properties the forensic scientist must constantly determine those properties that impart distinguishing characteristics to matter, giving it a unique identity. Structure and properties of metallic glasses science. Different optical glass manufacturers use different approaches.
Germanium and telluriumbased glasses have been largely studied due to their recognized potential for photonics. Schott technical glasses offers pertinent information in concise form. Pdf local structure, connectivity and physical properties. Providing materials with extendibility beyond a single generation solution requires the optimization of both electrical and mechanical properties. In metallic solids there are a large number of weakly bound electrons that can move about freely through the crystal structure, but in insulating solids the electrons are confined to specific. The fundamental properties of the glass that make it suitable for building construction applications are transparency, strength, workability, transmittance, u value, and recycling. Glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems worldwide telecommunications by optical fibers aesthetic appeal of fine glassware crystal chandeliers high refractive indexbirefringent pbobased glasses color in cathedral windows, art glass, etc.
Thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and transport properties are. The authors examine and correlate the data on the properties of multicomponent commercial silicate glasses, vitreous silica, and binary and ternary laboratory. Silicate glasses are an exception elastic constants for glasses and glass ceramics code type e gpa g gpa 9606 glass ceramic 17. Sufficient work regarding the structural and physical properties of different oxide glasses having te and as glass former has been reported 1518, but relatively few work has been done on semiconducting oxide glasses having fe and v as tmis with as a network former. The hardness of float glass is established according to knoop. Also, not all properties are equally sensitive to changes of structure and different properties are measured with different degrees of precision. Enhanced optical properties of germanate and tellurite. The compression strength defines the ability of a material to resist a load applied vertically. Textiles e, r and d glass properties technical data sheet. In science, the most commonly used temperature scale is the celsius scale.
Types of glass and its properties for use in construction. With these glasses under proper annealing conditions, ir transmitting glass ceramics with improved properties can be obtained. Phosphate glasses can be advantageous over silica glasses for optical fibers with high concentration of doping rare. With an addition of iron oxide, they act as efficient heat absorbers iron phosphate and lead iron phosphate glass are alternatives to borosilicate glass for immobilization of radioactive waste. Boron is added to improve thermal and electric resistance, barium to increase the refractive index and lead to increase brilliance and weight of the glass. Cao, na2o whose cations are incorporated within sio4 network. The properties of glass can be varied by changing the materials used in its manufacture and the proportions in which they are used. Glass is by definition an amorphous solid material made by fusing silica with a basic oxide. Glass and phase diagrams quantitative treatment of multicomponent systems. Thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and transport properties are covered. Excellent physical and chemical properties of this type of glass enable using of this glass not only for production of laboratory glassware but for various others. This book, entitled the properties of optical glass, is one of a series reporting on research and development activities on products and processes conducted by the schott group. Manufacturing properties of engineering materials lecture notes prof. In todays world, glass has become part and parcel of our everyday.
Properties of glasses like the density, viscosity, thermal expansion coefficient, chemical durability, electrical resistivity, and refractive index, as a. Hardness and grindability influence the process required to achieve a good polishing quality. The scientifically founded development of new products and technical processes has traditionally been of vital importance at schott and has always been per formed on a. In the case of the samples with metallic nps, the enhanced pl was. Active and passive laser glasses schott offers cutting edge silicate and phosphate laser glasses for. S glass, d glass, a glass, ecr glass, ultrapure silica.
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